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| https://www.geo.tv/latest/126353-Critiquing-democracy-globalisation-is- fashionable-wheres-the-action |
Exploring the impact of:
- Globalisation - the media in a global marketplace/www
- Cultural imperialism - 'exportation' of values through global media
- Cultural Appropriation - assumed cultural identities and the implications/effects
Homogenisation
Imperial - we were an imperial nation
Globalisation is the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole - (Robertson, 1992: 8)
Globalisation is best considered a complex set of interacting and often countervailing human, material and symbolic flows that lead to drivers, heterogeneous cultural positioning and practices which persistently and variously modify established vectors.
Global dominance explored
- Globalisation considers the extent to which certain political economies 'dominate' the world through the process by which global media organisations as 'cultural transmitters' e.g. Netflix, BBC etc
- Thus major media organisations on the worlds stage 'drowned out' smaller regional outlets as they tend to follow this lead and effectively replicate their stance and mode of production.
- In terms of news, accusations that 'US style journalism' is 'homogenising' world news coverage, becoming 'missionaries of corporate capitalism' - (Herman & McChesney, 1997, quoted in Cottle, 2009)
- Equally it has the potential to establish a dominant global culture.
Globalisation
- Can be negative and positive
- Why?
- Global media brands and output transmitting and selling formats on a worldwide scale are at least part of the reason.
- An increasingly 'marketed' media landscape on a global scale, chase big revenues and operate as any other product being sold - dependant on supply and demand. But what affect does this have on what is created?
- Media giants dominate not only their country of origin but as worldwide.
Think about in essay - what channel and what does the story say to the culture?
The consequence on 'cultural imperialism'
- In general, what we are talking about is the potential for the media to allow one culture to dominate over another
- What does this mean for storytelling and the coverage of world issues?
World views?
- How do these dominant forces cover the multitude of potential stories available on a global scale?
Consequences
- CNN have been accused of stirring up 'compassion fatigue' through their reporting of global human suffering
- Rather than motivation and mobilising change amongst world powers and individuals, it suggests that it has desensitised the audience to major world crises
- Furthermore, focusing on particular events of 'crisis coverage', global tv news coverage ignores many more significant events and therefore they are excluded from policy debate.
Globalisation: World news - whose news?
- When related to news, globalisation is distinct from globalisation in general - which tends to focus upon socioeconomic lines such as the impact of international trading or the export or capitalist ideals and western culture
- What has been the result in terms of news coverage?
Changing news formats
- Changed the style and presentation of news programming
- EG British Television inherited its news formatting model from the US in the mid 1950s which both ITN na then the BBC taking on generic features.
Truly global?
- How likely is it that TV news can be truly provided 24/7 global 'breaking news'
- More often it can revert to the usual short cuts in storytelling and story seeking as it does of domestic stories? i.e. elite voices and establishments dominate
- Global tv news player emerged throughout the 1990s and beyond
- With the likes of BBC world and Murdock's News Corps news brands such as Fox, Sky and Star competing with one another of a world stage of audiences in the new markets.
TV news and the global public sphere
- Not everyone agrees that global ideological dominance is a consequence of modern TV news operations
- i.e. the media can enhance and convey cultural differences, as well as the sort of 'bad' news which might reinforce cultural prejudices e.g. conflict or famine in the Third World etc
- Furthermore meanings are negotiated and filtered through culturally varied ways of understanding
- Therefore less culturally imperialist than the 'Global Dominate' model suggests.
- What is the affect of social media on re-dressing the balance?
It's a small world after all?
- Can global and social media make the world more "interconnected, under-depedant" (Cottle, 2009, p351)
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| http://www.nme.com/news/film/ghost-in-the-sheel-viral-advert-backfires-scarlett-johansson-2016972 |
Ghost in the Shell - 2017, US Blockbuster
- Received bad press - fans mocked Scarlett Johansson as the major
- The look of it has a lot to do with Blade Runner not the original comic
Global market place Vs global representation?
- Why is it that, given there is an inherently global market place for media (particularly online) and that therefore audiences are inherently diverse, that major film producers should consider it so difficult to be more representative of the original ethnicity of the text itself?
- What is it that motivates 'cultural appropriation'?
Impact of the media
- 'Agenda setting theory'
- It asserts that the news potentially impacts our understanding and decision making
- Origins from 1922 in book by journalist Water Lippman "Public Opinion" -
- News media are responsible for putting 'pictures in our heads' which inform our view of the world
- Fifty years late Maxwell E. McCombs and Donald L. Shaw, examined the 'agenda setting' role of the media during the 1968 presidential election in the US.
Agenda setting - how journalists and media organisations determine salience and story framing
- Think about who and what is/isn't included in a story?
- Those with that could be defied as 'marginal' viewpoints - how are they presented?
Who's to blame for agenda setting?
- Journalists
- Media owners
- Or in essence is no one body is responsible for a sinister plot to brain wash the news audience and wider public
Why is it necessary rationalise and frame story?
- Time based media
How do the media influence the dominant perspective?
- i.e. local media, tv, internet, radio, print
- Despite the apparent 'choice' of media providers, what tends to emerge is a consensus across the various sorts of media which offer very similar approaches to the same issues.
'Priming' public opinon
- The concept of priming relates to the way in which tv news increases the salience of certain attributes of a story in the minds of the audience - helps them to work out what is important
- i.e. the tv news tells us not to only what issues to consider, but also how to think about them
- This process allows the audience to receive a more manageable amount of info - they cannot pay attention to everything so it helps them focus.
Essay workshop
13 Reasons Why
Values of the channel may be imposed on the adaptation
Are there issues of cultural appropriation which impact the way in which a story is viewer/presented through fiction adaption?
Does cultural imperialism impact the storytelling and story selection you are analysing?
- Understood in the UK because of globalisation
What evidence is there that globalisation is impacting the adaption
- Available around the world - Netflix
- The characters story is not the same for everyone around the world
What does the impact have through translation from original to adaption?
What binds/frames the decisions? Netflix is different - has the potential to have an infinite market. Taking a view of the world.
Re-cap
- Globalisation within the media has the potential to 'export' cultures, values and ideologies
- It can lead to globally dominant media brands which may drown out other voices
- It also has the potential to view the world as a whole rather than by regional boundaries - interconnected and interdependent - therefore making the world feel smaller
- The media remain an important force for framing the issues and ways of understanding those issues around the world, affecting how we see ourselves.
13 Reasons Why
- Helpful but not helpful - way in which it can reach people/experience it - humanises it - the suicide
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